The Decline Of Crime Rates - 1656 Words

Throughout the years, crime rates in Canada’s and the United States’ major cities have decreased drastically. Regardless of the many factors that lead to increasing crime rates, such as unemployment, or bad economic circumstances. This essay will examine the many factors leading to the exponential decline of crime rates in North America. This essay will demonstrate how unemployment and economic hardship does not always lead to higher crime rates, how the growing increase of new technology aided in the decrease in crime rates, and the result of government funded programs helping to reduce crime rate. These factors should be discussed because it illustrates the progress of the judicial system and federal government throughout the years and it shows that people most vulnerable to committing crimes may not always commit crime. Similarly, it shows that economic factors leading to crime in the past are not always the case due to positive behavioral changes throughout the year s. The general themes of the articles are based on economic factors, technology, the justice system and people of certain age groups that are most likely to commit crimes, and how they all contribute to the major decline in crime rates over the years. It is also stating the factors related to the rise in crime and examining how they exponentially decreased as the world became more modernized. The central points that the authors of these articles are stating that statistics show from the 1980s to theShow MoreRelatedThe New York Police Department945 Words   |  4 Pagesviolent crime. In the events of recent police shootings, citizens could not help but fear the possibility of the city going back to how it was during the 1990s and earlier violent era times. However, recent studies and reports have indicated that the city has never been as dangerous and violent as it was in earlier times. As by 2015, a modest decrease in the rate of serious reported crimes was noteworthy. Reports by the New York Police Department (NYPD), have indicated a 2 percent decline in majorRead MoreJuvenile Crime Statistics878 Words   |  4 PagesJUVENILE CRIME STATISTICS PAPER Juvenile Crime Statistics Paper CJA/374 September 19, 2012 The information in this article gives statistics of juvenile crime in America ranging from the late 1980’s to 2008. Its purpose is to take the information provided in these studies over the past 20 years or so to guide efforts and address the disparities among the youth to combat and prevent juvenile delinquency to better the lives of our children and for the future of our nationRead MoreThe City That Become Safe1294 Words   |  6 Pagesthis paper I will discuss and explain anatomy of a crime decline in New York City as well as if in these days can we say that the city is safe. Purpose of this book The City That Become Safe written by Franklin E. Zimring is to show us how crime rate changed during 1990 to 2009. According to author this book presents a detailed profile of New York City crime over 20 years period. Book provides the vital statistics of the crime drop by type of crime, by borough, and by year. There are two reasonsRead MoreThe Rise Of Crime And Crime972 Words   |  4 Pagesfor example, both victimisation and authorised crime presented specifically sharp drops from 2007 to 2009, when being without a job rates ascended. Robbery, burglary, and household theft oppressions had been dropping by a rate of about 4% per year from 1993-2006, but fell by an ordinary of 6 to 7% per year for the duration of the Great Recession. This is not for the reason that crime is distinct to economic situations, but for the reason that crime is correlated to so many other things. CriminologistsRead MoreThe Effect Of Decaying Morality On Society934 Words   |  4 Pagessociety, and its decline has a negative effect on society. Does the passing of time change morality or will society change with the passing of time? We can seek the answer to that question by exploring different aspects of our society to determine if a decline of morality has any negative effect on our society. Specifically, does the decline of morality have an effect on crime rates, laws, a nd the decline of a nation? To begin with, there are several studies that indicate crime rates have actuallyRead MoreMorality And Its Effect On Society855 Words   |  4 Pagessociety, and its decline has a negative effect on society. Does the passing of time change morality or will society change with the passing of time? We can seek the answer to that question by exploring different aspects of our society to determine if a decline of morality has any negative effect on our society. Specifically, does the decline of morality have an effect on crime rates, laws, and the decline of a nation. To begin with, there are several studies that indicate crime rates have actuallyRead MoreCrime: Over the past 3 decades, crime has continued to be a major issue that has attracted huge600 Words   |  3 PagesCrime: Over the past 3 decades, crime has continued to be a major issue that has attracted huge public concern characterized with discussion and action that are usually unbalanced and not likely to lessen crime rates. The public concern has also been accompanied by political action and major public expenditure to reduce such incidents. Political discussion and actions as well as public expenditure have played a major role in the reduction of crime rates in the recent past. Recent reports haveRead MoreWhere Have All The Criminals Gone?1594 Words   |  7 PagesCriminals Gone?† addresses the question of why crime rates suddenly dropped in the 1990’s. Various assumptions made by people during this time are given, such as a strong economy, increased reliance on prisons and increased use of capital punishment, innovative policing strategies and increased number of police, gun laws, change in crack and other drug markets, and the aging of the population. However, the most convin cing reason for the crime decline is due to the legalization of abortion in the 1970’sRead MoreCrime Data Comparison Paper731 Words   |  3 PagesCrime Data Comparison Paper Name CJA/ 314 January, 2014 Dr. Anthony Carbo Abstract In this paper, this student completes the following: This student will compare forcible rape crime rates for California and Oregon. This student will compare the data to show which metropolitan area had more reported incidents of forcible rape crimes. This student will also identify the rates of the crime for each metropolitan area. In addition, this student will address how the crime rate changed over timeRead MoreTheories on Why Crime Occurs Essay1300 Words   |  6 PagesCriminological theories have been used on a micro and macro level scale in order to search for an answer as to why people commit crimes. The broken windows theory and routine activity theory have been selected as the two theories provide different perspectives as to why crime occurs, and how to solve crime. The theories will be examined in order get a historical origins, outline main principles, distinguishing characteristics, misconceptions and critaziams of each theory. Broken Window Theory

The Conflict Between Christians And Muslims - 786 Words

Perspective comes from the Latin words per and spectare and literally means: to look through. Therefore, perspective, in its most rudimentary definition, means the way one looks at things. This definition can be elaborated upon and become synonymous with belief. A perspective can be open or limited, abstract or logical, optimistic or pessimistic. With these opposites, it can be difficult to blend one’s views with another’s. People are fascinated with perspectives. Humans love the conflict that comes with opposing opinions. Consequently, arguments are always blown out of proportion. For instance, take the popularity of legal dramas, the feud between Christians and Muslims, or the pro and anti homosexuality rallies. Some of the most famous works of literature are about changing perspectives such as Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, a story about strong prejudices being exercised in a small town. Articles have been written concerning changing perspectives for exam ple, David Dobb’s writing ‘Beautiful Brains’, a study looking into the minds of teenagers and explaining their set apart behaviors. Both of these pieces tell about the transition from child to adult and the perspectives that come with this growth. Coming-of-age involves recognizing different perspectives. In Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird Jem is an example of a character whose coming-of-age process involves gaining a new perspective. Jem is told that he must read to his mean neighbor Mrs. Dubose after tearing upShow MoreRelatedThe Conflict Between The Muslims And Christians Essay1674 Words   |  7 PagesAs mentioned earlier, the series of conflict between the Muslims and Christians had no doubt contributed to the cause of what became the Crusades. 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The first major point is thatRead MoreThe World s Population Must Be Defined As A World Conflict Between Christians And Muslims1346 Words   |  6 Pagesof belief and worship† (Cambridge Dictionary, n.d.). The two religions that will be of majority in the future shall be that of Muslim and Christian religion. These religions believe in a superhuman power and many people all over the world believe in these two religions. Changes could occur between now and the year 2050 such as a world conflict between Christians and Muslims. There could also be people switching religions, which will change the religious populations. Fertility rates in certain areasRead MoreThe Conflict Between Islamic State And The European Christians971 Words   |  4 Pagescrusaders, the political conflict between the Islamic state and the European Christians caused the truth regarding Christians’ and Muslims’ identities to be distorted. Scholars had an overwhelming power of shaping people’s perception of the outside world, which helped spreading Muslims and Christian’s stereotypes. In Muslims on Christians, Usama ibn Munqidh described the European Christians, also known as the Franks, from his own perspective, which suggested that Christians are animals. He justifiedRead MoreIslam and the West in the Middle Ages838 Words   |  3 PagesIn Samuel Huntington’s thesis, Clash of Civilizations, he describes the post-Cold War world as one that would now base its conflicts on people’s culture and religion. As among one of his few reasons why civilizations will clash, Huntington explains that these religious conflicts will come about because of the ideals of Islam and Christianity where they are willing to kill people who do not convert because each believes that only they have the correct religion. He also mentions that the introductionRead MoreRole and Influence of Religion on Conflicts1208 Words   |  5 Pagesthe role and influence of religion on conflicts. Rabkin states that religion is not a primary source of conflicts and violent strife. According to him, most often than not, religion is used only to legitimize, but not motivate conflicts. However, Jonathan Fox states that religion is one of the motivators of terrorism. The impact of religion on conflicts is also increasing over the years. Similarly in Nigeria, religion was not the central source of conflicts at the time of colonization or evenRead MoreThe Conflict Between The Between Civilizational Blocks, Muslim And Muslims1141 Words   |  5 PagesHuntington predicted that future clashes will occur between civilizational blocks, Muslim and Christians or Muslin and Hindu for example. However, the Lebanese and Bangladeshi cases show that clashes occur between civilizations as shown above, but also within civilizational blocks - or even within religious groups -. Before going further into Lebanon’s and Bangladesh’s history, a brief review of Islam must be done. Muslims are split into two mains branches: Sunnis and Shia. The origin of this divisionRead MoreCrusades For Personal Benefit. Samuel Huntington Thought1132 Words   |  5 PagesBenefit Samuel Huntington thought that conflicts between two countries or religions are the result of a clash of civilizations. He thought that conflict arose because their thoughts were too different. The Crusades were more the result of the Christians wanting other benefits, not because they hated the Muslims. The Crusades do not prove that the Muslims and Christians had a clash of civilization and couldn’t coexist. Before the Crusades began, Christians and Muslims lived together quite peacefully, butRead MoreChristianity and Islam763 Words   |  4 Pagesnot to worship any other gods. They also state that we are to obey God’s word and should surrender/sacrifice ourselves to God. Many Old Testament prophets that are in the bible are also found in the Quran and believe they were sent by God. Many Christians are unaware of the fact that Islam believes Jesus was a man God and that Jesus will return. Both scriptures state, God inspired the Torah, the prophets, and Gospel. They a lso believe God will resurrect all for judgment, and believers who die willRead MoreForeign Influence and Its Positive and Negative Impacts1285 Words   |  5 Pages Foreign influence. Colonization. Imperialism. All of these arguably had a very positive impact on the world advancing it technologically. However, foreign influence also causes conflicts. For example, Britain split up the Hindus and Muslims in India which led to years of fighting and hatred. The majority of people believe that there isnt a specific cause for genocide. However – as shown by the Sudanese and Rwandan Genocides—foreign influence, and the absence of it, plays a big role in causing

The Role of Creativity and Problem Solving in Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Economic Development free essay sample

Nowadays, with the developing of economic development is facing a new challenge. The notions of entrepreneurship, innovation and creativity become more widely used in business world and Naude (2010) notes that these fields are converging increasingly in recent years. Entrepreneurship has been regarded as the engine of dynamic economic development and growth (Ylinenpaa, 2009). Moreover, Minniti (1999) states that entrepreneurship scholars are catalysts for economic development because of the generation of a network for innovation that promotes the creation of new commercial formations and new ideas. In addition, the importance of creativity is highlighted within the context of economic development dynamics in Schumpeter’s work (1934, 1942) and problem solving is a process which encourages entrepreneurial thinking. Meanwhile, creativity and problem solving are interrelated and interacted on each other. This essay will illustrate the relationship between these significant elements within the market in a particular way. Firstly, definitions of key notions will be given. Secondly, the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development will be contributed for a better understanding. In the next part, what role creativity and problem solving plays in that relationship will be introduced with the group project. Further examples will be provided for readers when necessary in the following part of this essay. Simple definitions of the key issue about entrepreneurship, innovation and creativity will be given in this part and one example related to the notion of creative will be connected. Firstly, start from entrepreneurship with an explanation provided accordingly. The view of entrepreneurship refers to methodologies for business trade that takes the form of new combinations in an attempt to usurp market share. It is the dynamic process of assembling necessary factors of production consisting of human, physical and information resources and doing so in an efficient way (Lazear, 2005). However, entrepreneur is an individual with innovative ideas, utilizing new combinations of means of production (Schumpeter, 1934).Concerning with the second key notion, Rickhards (1985) pointed out that innovation is a process whereby new ideas are put into practice. Hence, it can be defined as a revealing and new variation on the old process. In a broad sense, innovation  could be divided into sustaining innovation and disruptive. Sustaining innovation emphasizes on gradual and incremental improvements whereas disruptive innovation is more a discrete and discontinuous transformation. Creativity, put it simply, it is the ability to look differently and stand out the answers to the problem. Bruner (1968) defined it as ‘effective surprise’. Keil(1987) argued that it is more than a process or approach and also be a mind power. A well-known example related to creative destruction is the shift from vacuum tubes to semiconductors that eliminated the advantage of firms such as RCA and Sylvania (Tushman O’Reilly, 1996). These three sections are balanced in business activities and both have significant effects on economic development and growth. Following the root of definitions, the illustration of the interlaced relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development will be presented. Starting with the relationship between innovation and entrepreneurship, these two points have an internal link and mutual influence on each other. Entrepreneurs generate innovative ideas to reinforce discontinuous innovation, or disruptive innovation (Dannels, 2005), which alters the bases of competition through ‘utilizing new combinations of means of production (Schumpeter, 1934). It means that entrepreneurs make economic profit for themselves and to the society by innovative activities to the market and innovation is the essential function of entrepreneurship. Moving to the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic development, the former has positive effects on economic development.. One report shows that the high entrepreneurship areas in the United States had 125 precent higher employment growth, 58 precent higher salaries rise and 109 percent higher productivity (Camp, 2005). There is no doubt that entrepreneurship has been the driving force of economic development and regarded as a strategy to successfully boom economic development in many regions. Moreover, with new business formation and the growth of existing ones, the most contribution of entrepreneurship to increased welfare in society is the creation of new jobs and additional income because of multiplier effects (Robinson et al. 2004). It is clearly indicating that establish new companies or develop from existing firms is a kind of major method for entrepreneurship that creates economic development. In addition, entrepreneurship is a vehicle that link innovation with regional economic growth. Tapsell and Woods (2010) pointed out that economic development is the result of innovation taken by entrepreneurship scholars. Innovation has been regard as the most crucial component in long-term economic development. For instance, according to Rosenberg (2004), one professor from the University of Stanford managed to do a survey about the growth in the output and the input of capital and labor of the Unite States economy from 1870 to 1950. Before that, he made a number of reasonable assumptions about how much the growth in a unit of labor and capital should be added to the output of the economy. The result was that the presented growth of inputs could only perform less than 15 percents of the growth in the output of the economy, which means that technology innovation contributes more than 85 percents to the unexplained growth. This study shows that the view of economic growth is the result of innovation and innovative actions have been regarded as a specific major force for economic development. In one word, these three aspects interact and connect with each other and the two notions of entrepreneurship and innovation are indispensible in economic growth and development. Having dealt with the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development, then move in the next part of what role creativity and problem solving plays in this relationship and the group project would be tied to illustrate the function of creativity and problem solving. First of all, creativity system precedes innovation implementation. Gurteen (1998:7) summarized that creativity is about the process that generate new ideas, and innovation is about putting these ideas into action. Therefore, for innovation to occur, creative ideas that have potential value (Williams Mcguire, 2010). Cortright (2001) claims that economic process is about the generation of new ideas and innovations, which is the force of sustain economic. In other word, creativity and innovation play important roles in economic development and as the driving force of economic growth. Economic creativity has already been conceptualized as codified knowledge with potential economic value to a natio n (WilliamsMcGuire, 2010). In entrepreneurship terms, creativity is one unique characteristic of entrepreneurs. As mentioned before, entrepreneur is an individual with new  ideas and they have the skills required to engage in creative activity. Secondly, there are mainly 5 steps within problem solving –problem discovery, fact finding, definition of problem, solution finding and decision implementation. In these steps, creative ideas and innovation will be needed by teams or individuals to generate ideas and put them into action. To a certain extent, problem solving provides a ‘performance platform’ for innovation. Taken the group project as an example, in the first mentoring session, every group were asked to find one problem that bother many people on the basis of fact and define this problem. In the following two sessions, solution finding and decision making were connected to group project. Students need to have a creative thinking by generate innovation ideas as many as possible. Innovation as a great skill is demonstrated within these steps of creative problem solving. In addition, creative problem solving is also a process which encourages entrepreneurial thinking. Decision implementation is a process to produce the product into market and make economic profit. In reality, economic development is all about problem solving for each other, creativity and problem solving is a prerequisite for economic development (Bekker, 2011). To sum up, creativity and problem solving accelerate economic development through innovation and entrepreneurship, like a thread to string these three elements together and have a close relation with each other. In conclusion, this essay begins with definitions of key notions of entrepreneurship, innovation and creativity with an example accordingly for better understanding. Entrepreneurship is special characteristic of entrepreneurs who can create new values efficiently in an innovative way. Innovation refers to the act of inventing something new (Chen, 2005) and can be divided into sustaining innovation and disruptive innovation. Creativity is a process of generation unconventional ideas. Then, the relationship of entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development is organized in detail with each other. Entrepreneurship is the major force of economic growth and meanwhile as medium that link innovation and economic development. Innovation plays a specific role in entrepreneurship. There is no doubt that innovation also has an important influence on economic booming. In the final part, the significant function of creativity and problem solving is  illustrated. Group project as a living example is addressed to emphasize the crucial function in this relationship. Creativity, as a unique ability of entrepreneurship, precedes innovation implementation and is the major force of economic growth as well as problem solving. These elements have become increasing important in business world in recent years and more research should be made to prove the importance in other specific ways.